The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to support preclinical HIV/AIDS research using NHP models performed by Early Stage Investigators (ESIs) who are within 10 years of their terminal degree or completion of their residency training but who have at least two years of postdoctoral experience. The goal of this support is to help advance HIV/AIDS researchers using NHP models in preclinical research by providing a degree of independence for these ESIs to develop new research directions and to position these researchers to be competitive for new research funding (e.g., R01). Proposed projects must use NHPs as preclinical models for HIV/AIDS research This funding initiative encompasses all priorities of the fiscal year (FY) 2021-2025 NIH Strategic Plan for HIV and HIV-Related Research (https://www.oar.nih.gov/hiv-policy-and-research/strategic-plan): reduce the incidence of HIV; develop next-generation HIV therapies; conduct research toward HIV cure; address HIV-associated comorbidities, coinfections, and complications; and advance cross-cutting areas of research.