The Humans, Disasters, and the Built Environment (HDBE) program supports fundamental, convergent research on how human activities and behaviors interact with the built environment to reduce or exacerbate the effects of natural hazards and disasters. The program foci are ongoing and emerging hazards to populations (individuals, households, businesses, organizations, and agencies) and built environments (critical infrastructures, physical and cyber spaces, and buildings). Successful proposals shall address all three elements (i.e., humans, disasters, and the built environment) and have the potential to contribute to theories or insights that hold over a broad range of scales, conditions, and sectors. Research funded through this program is expected to build a deeper understanding of human behaviors at the interface of engineering and society and inform how communities manage their risk and adapt to changing patterns in climate, extreme weather, and other hazards. Given the richness of the phenomena under study, the HDBE program seeks research that advances foundational theories, methods, and data within and across diverse disciplines such as engineering, social sciences, natural sciences, computing, or other relevant fields. Interdisciplinary proposals are common. Proposals aimed to make methodological contributions to advance disaster-relevant research are also of interest to the program. Examples include methods and tools for the translation of engineering solutions (mitigation and adaptation) for the built environment to community or national scale investments, practices, and policies; techniques to examine the interactions of humans and the built environment resulting from simultaneous or compounding risk of natural disasters and pandemics; and protocols, methodologies, and tools tailored for handling sensitive, protected, and proprietary data relevant to disasters. Investigators are encouraged to take advantage of NSFs investments in the Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) on experimental testing, computational modeling and simulation, interdisciplinary training and networks, and data sharing, integration, and analysis. Research that addresses multiple dimensions of social equity, vulnerability, and environmental justice is particularly encouraged. Proposers are actively encouraged to email a one-page project summary to the HDBE Program Officer before submitting a full proposal for guidance on whether the proposed research topic falls within the scope of the HDBE program and/or co-review might be appropriate.