Through this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), the National Cancer Institute (NCI) invites U01 cooperative agreement applications for Physical Sciences-Oncology Network (PS-ON). The goal of the PS-ON is to foster the convergence of physical sciences approaches and perspectives with cancer research to advance our understanding of cancer biology and oncology by forming transdisciplinary teams of physical scientists and cancer biologists/physician scientists. Examples of physical scientists may include engineers, physicists, mathematicians, chemists, and computer scientists. The research projects funded through this FOA, individually and as a collaborative Network along with other funded research projects, will support transdisciplinary research that: (1) drives a physical sciences perspective within the cancer research community; (2) facilitates team science and field convergence at the intersection of physical sciences and cancer research; and (3) collectively tests physical sciences-based experimental and theoretical concepts of cancer and promotes innovative solutions to address outstanding questions in cancer research.